The abacus made easy. Louisville, KY: American Printing House for the Blind. Livingston, R. (1997). Use of the Cranmer abacus. Austin: Texas School for the Blind and Visually Impaired. Millaway, S. M. (1994). Abacus basic competency: A counting method. Lo

The Cranmer Abacus -- Introduction. The abacus used by individuals who are blind is called the Cranmer Abacus. It is based on the Japanese Soroban abacus with some tactile modifications. The abacus allows students to set up and calculate math problems, wi

An abacus is a calculation tool but it should not be confused with a calculator. A better comparison is that it is used as paper and pencil for students with vision. The Cranmer Abacus was designed specifically for individuals who are blind. What makes it