How to Draw Covalent Bonding Molecules

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This video explains how to draw covalent molecules and compounds.

Contents:
0:08 Introduction
0:39 H2
1:25 HCl
2:23 Cl2
3:18 CH4
4:27 NH3
5:37 H2O
6:52 O2
7:57 N2

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INTRODUCTION 0:08
Covalent bonding happens between non-metals. The electrons are shared between the non-metal atoms. This bonding allow atoms to have full outer shell of electrons. Only the electrons in the outer shell take part in the bonding. The number of electrons in the outer shell can be found out using the group in the periodic table.

H2 0:39
Hydrogen is in group 1 so it has one electron in the outer shell. Hydrogen molecules have single bond which means they have two electrons in the overlap.

HCl 1:25
Chlorine is in group 7 so it has seven electrons in the outer shell. HCl has single bond so it has two electrons in the overlap.

Cl2 2:23
Chlorine is in group 7 so it has seven electrons in the outer shell. Cl2 (Chlorine molecule) has single bond so it has two electrons in the overlap.

CH4 3:18
Carbon is in group 4 so it has four electrons in the outer shell. Methane has four single bonds.

NH3 4:27
Nitrogen is found in group 5 so it has 5 electrons in the outer-shell. The Nitrogen atom is surrounded by three Hydrogen atoms, each providing one electron in the sharing (overlap). So Ammonia has 3 single bonds.

H2O 5:37
Oxygen is found in group 6 so it has 6 electrons in the outer shell. Water has 2 single bonds.

O2 6:52
Oxygen molecules have double bonds. Oxygen atom is found in group 6 so it has 6 electron in the outer shell. Therefore, in the overlap there are 2 pairs of electrons (which is 4 electrons in the overlap). This leads O2 molecules to have one double bond.

N2 7:57
Nitrogen molecules have triple bonds. Nitrogen is found in group 5 so it has 5 electrons in the outer-shell. In the overlap, there are 3 pairs of electrons which are 6 electrons in the overlap. This causes Nitrogen molecules to have one triple bond.

How to draw Ionic Bonds Teaching Video:
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