When calculating bend allowances to determine the cut length of HDPE conduit or PVC pipe, one must calculate from the center line radius (CLR) of the finished, bent pipe. This radius will vary depending on the outside diameter of the tube, the wall thickn

With the spring correctly positioned, the usually method with pipe up to 15mm is to place the centre of the bend across the knee and slowly pull both ends to form the bend. Slightly over bend the pipe, then reverse the pipe and bend it back to the require

A tight-radius bend for copper is any bend with a radius equal to or less than approximately 2.5 times the tube’s OD (that’s 2.5D in tube fabricating jargon). The D of bend is the result of dividing the bend’s centerline radius (CLR) by the tube’s