how to plan and perform a vfr flight

How to Plan and Perform a VFR Flight.
VFR (Visual Flight Rule) flying is something every pilot must learn, and every successful pilot must perfect. It's getting in tune with the aircraft, discovering its attitudes and movements, navigating, and avoiding obstacles and other aircraft. The Pilot In Command (PIC) of any aircraft is responsible regardless of outside instruction. Most importantly, because a VFR pilot needs to keep visual reference with the earth, it is crucial to know and understand when it is (and is not) safe to fly under weather regulations; minimal being VMC (Visual Meteorological Conditions). That said, this is a simple guide to planning, and performing a safe VFR flight. Happy landings and keep your nose up!

Steps.
1. Be qualified. Before flying: Before flying, a pilot must be qualified and hold the proper licenses, or have a flight instructor lined up. Though excitement may get the best of a pilot, s/he must carefully review the Pilot Operating Handbook (POH), obtain a weather briefing to ensure the entire duration of the flight will be within VFR minima, and review the procedures for problematic situations in-flight. Every pilot should plan for accurate food rations, survival gear, and appropriate clothing for the outside conditions, including life jackets (if going beyond gliding distance from shore).
2. Prepare for Emergencies: Reading and understanding the aircraft's POH can be essential in recovering from a bad situation. It's much easier to follow steps already memorized than to shuffle through the book in panic. Safety is paramount! Ensure you are familiar with the procedures with regards to engine failure during take-off, engine failure in cruise, rough engine, uncertain of position, being lost, fires, electrical failures, etc.
3. Plan your flight: Flight planning has a fairly unvarying process, though the results and information will be unique every time. A pilot needs to calculate the plane's gross weight and recognize if the centre of gravity is within limits. This will change the airplane's performance; an improperly balanced plane is an impending accident. Navigation for VFR flights are suited with VNC (VFR Navigation Chart) and VTA (VFR Terminal Area Chart) maps, with indications for gravel pits, golf courses, waterfalls etc., for location reference, as well as airspace information, terrain elevation, and airport information. VTAs are larger scale maps, giving more detail on arrival, and departure procedures. A pilot shall check out any outstanding NOTAMs (Notices to Airmen), prepare a chart and flight log, file a flight plan, and ensure s/he will have sufficient daylight on arrival (without night rating).
4. Perform a Walkaround: The pilot of any flight should be thoroughly aware of the airplane's condition, and must bring anything of concern to the mechanic, or instructor on site. The walkaround gives the pilot an opportunity to check for any sort of tainted exterior surfaces; being bugs, ice, frost, dirt, etc, as well as fuel and oil checks. The importance of determining the airworthiness of an airplane cannot be underestimated; frost on the wings of an airplane alone can lower the lift efficiency by 30% and increase drag by 40%. Walkaround checks include draining fuel samples to check for contamination, ensuring there's an adequate amount of fuel for the flight, as well as checking for the quantity of oil in the engine. Every aircraft has a checklist for the walkaround, starting inside the cockpit ensuring all paperwork, first-aid, fire extinguisher, etc. are there and intact. Lastly, the pilot checks that foamies, “Remove Before Flight” tags, and tie-downs, are detached.
5. Preflight: It's common to have everything planned out and ready to go, and then have the weather to start to sink. Get a current weather report. A professional, responsible pilot will realize that if the conditions aren't right, you don't fly! Be patient for calmer days. During the preflight stage, the pilot shall check to have the aircraft operating manual, log, charts, computer, pencils, survival equipment, clothing and sunglasses in the aircraft. Now that the groundwork is done, the pilot may call ATC (Air Traffic Control) for a transponder code (transmission-responder) for airplane recognition on radar screens. Passengers may be briefed at this point as well.
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Acknowledgements
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